Simraungadh, on the India–Nepal border, was the great fortified capital of the Karnat dynasty founded by Nanyadeva in 1097 — the seat from which Mithila was ruled through a cultural golden age, until Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq’s invasion of 1324 sent its last king fleeing north.
Its sprawling earthworks, ponds and scattered stone sculptures — some bearing 12th-century Tirhuta-script inscriptions — make it one of the most important, if least-known, archaeological sites of the Mithila story.